In the noisy sounds and smoke and dust filled with the pungent smell of coking coal, Zhu Gaoxu wandered around everywhere. He roughly understood the process of making coins and what techniques the mint used.
However, Zhu Gaoxu didn't understand the specific process for the first time, which didn't matter; just like Song Li, who was in charge of this matter, probably he didn't know all about it. He just had to find the right person and arrange everything.
Zhu Gaoxu walked out of a room and stood next to a sluice gate.He took out two samples of copper coins given by Song Li from his sleeve bag and looked at them over and over again.
The exquisite copper coins with smooth surface and bright colors have four larger characters on both sides and some small characters.
On the front is Wude Tongbao, and there are four small characters at the bottom: Central Bank; on the back is Tianxiatong, and there is a small line of numbers at the bottom.
It is made of forging with steel balls, so the words on it are all in relief-like form.
And the number?
Zhu Gaoxu turned his head and said: What do these numbers mean?
Song Li hurriedly said: When you return to the emperor, each batch of steel patterns will be deformed after being used for a while. If you have to re-carve the characters, the words will be different; the copper materials will be different.These numbers mean batches of steel franchises.
It makes sense and thinks very thoroughly.Zhu Gaoxu nodded and praised.
Song Li said again: What I am thinking about is to prevent falsehood.Newly minted coins are difficult to make and difficult for ordinary people to imitate.The court just increased the value of new coins, such as a new coins as two old coins of high quality, so that the court can make a lot of profit by minting coins.
When Zhu Gaoxu heard this, he couldn't help but look at Song Li.I thought to myself: It turns out that I am a person who has worked as an official of the Ministry of Revenue for many years.
Zhu Gaoxu said: Copper coins are not worth high and costly; the one that makes the most profit is silver.However, the amount of copper and silver mining will affect the exchange ratio.We can call silver and money "one round", and copper coins are still one paper, and the exchange rate is based on every five years, which is stipulated by the "central bank". Then, the world is known by the way of a mansion, and public notices are posted outside the post station and county government offices.
In addition to the first-hand copper coins, you can also calculate the raw materials and forging costs, and increase the minus value of 10 or 20 cents to facilitate circulation during retail.Large coins are also cast by silver coins, do not square holes or add edges.
Song Li bowed and said: I will follow the order.
Zhu Gaoxu stroked the copper coins in his hand and thought for a while. My heart said: No matter what the problem is, the national currency policy for minting must be more stable than the Daming Baochao, which is conducive to economic development.
Because the theories and systems of this era are still relatively backward.
It is normal for the court to lack money. Without effective accounting and supervision, the court will take risks to solve the finances, and it is difficult to ensure that paper money will not be issued indiscriminately.
But precious metal coins are different, and they must have valuable raw materials; this currency has great disadvantages, but it is the best choice under the backward economic system.
Zhu Gaoxu looked at the copper coins for a while, then looked up at Song Li, and finally said decisively: Master Song, you have stepped down from the Ministry of Revenue. After you go to the Ministry of Personnel to hand over, you will become the Central Bank's promotion official.The third-rank yamen is responsible for minting coins and formulating monetary policies and regulations, and is directly responsible to the emperor or the cabinet, and is not subject to the control of the six ministries.
Song Li was stunned for a moment, knelt directly on the dusty ground, and kowtowed: I thank the emperor for his kindness, and I will share my worries with the emperor before and behind the saddle, and live up to the emperor's trust.
Zhu Gaoxu helped Song Li up, and all the civil and military officials around him congratulated Song Li one after another.
Zhu Gaoxu continued: The Baochao Tuanju Department originally had four branches: papermaking bureau, printing bureau, Baochao warehouse, and running warehouse.The Papermaking Bureau will be responsible for accepting copper and silver materials in the future, but the office that provides the raw materials is the Ministry of Industry.The business database is changed to the Ministry of Revenue, which is responsible for accepting the finished coins.If there is a problem with the outflow of coins, the relevant persons of the Ministry of Industry, the People's Bank of China, the Ministry of Revenue will be investigated according to the authority and punished strictly according to the law.
All the officials answered the order.
Zhu Gaoxu had already thought of this layout.He believed that decentralization and checks and balances were the means of guarantee, and he could not rely solely on choosing a chief official with noble morality, integrity and wiseness.
Zhu Gaoxu turned around and found Qian Xun from the crowd, and said: Qian Youzun’s errand is doing well.We have created various process technologies over the past few thousand years, and someone must collect them and develop new technologies based on the predecessors.The book edited by the fake court, I named it "The Creation of Things in Heaven".
Qian Xun worshipped: The saint is the wise.
Zhu Gaoxu said: This ceremony must be controlled and it is strictly forbidden to leak out of the court, and it must not be allowed to be obtained by foreign vassals.Those who secretly send foreign vassals will punish them for their serious crimes and their tribes for treason!Domestic merchants must pay the patents to the Shouyu Department if they want to use the new technology; the Shouyu Department can also pay to purchase exquisite craftsmanship records from those craftsmen who have passed on their family skills.
Qian Xundao: I am responsible for the order.
Zhu Gaoxu turned around and looked at the noble generals beside him, and said with a smile: Everything is ready, but the east wind is not needed.We have worked so hard, raised so many people, and built the mint, not just to cast copper coins.If the country of Japan fails to obtain silver materials, it will be a joke.
Sheng Yong, Qu Neng and others first agreed.Unexpectedly, Liu Sheng immediately understood the holy intention and said directly: I would like to command the troops. If I cannot win, come and see you!
Zhu Gaoxu pondered for a moment and said: This matter will be decided before the court.
At this time, Song Li said: The emperor has worked hard, please go to the living room to sit down for a while.
Zhu Gaoxu nodded in agreement.
So Song Li and others took a group of monarchs and ministers to leave the workshop area and go to a small courtyard.The servant brought tea and water, brought in some fruit and snacks, and everyone sat and talked for a while.
An important part of the new policy on Wude is to attach importance to technology.Today, Zhu Gaoxu personally visited the Mint, which also reflects this kind of governance philosophy.Everyone talked about craftsman skills in the living room.
Zhu Gaoxu asked Qian Xun about the progress of developing a four-wheeled carriage last time.The result is not much progress, and the method of connecting the front and rear wheels through chains and other methods seems to be not very practical.
Zhu Gaoxu remembered a story. It is said that when Edison invented the electric light, he conducted tens of thousands of tests to find the tungsten wire.
He encouraged Qian Xun and said: To make new things, it often requires constant trial and error, which requires time and cost, which is unavoidable.I also thought of another new thing. The "Chun Han" gun is ignited with a fuse, which has many disadvantages.Maybe you can make another ignition mechanism, use flint to fire; use reed control mechanism to hit flint to produce sparks, and ignite the firing medicine of the musket.
Qian Xun immediately promised to summon the officials and craftsmen who guarded the Nan Office of the State Council and immediately began to try this skill.
Zhu Gaoxu was excited and said: We have to continuously improve the firearm technology and sell relatively backward firearms to foreign vassals for use. This is also a way to increase the annual income of the national treasury.
Qian Xundao: Will the foreigners imitate our firearms?
Zhu Gaoxu said: There is no way. Even if we don’t sell weapons, other countries will sooner or later get samples and think about imitations. The army is equipped with so many firearms, and it is difficult to avoid such things.
However, the assembly line operation and equipment that use new technology in our workshop, large-scale production and cost reduction may be cheaper than other countries' own copying, so that they can continue to sell arms.In addition, when other countries imitate it, we have better technology, and there will be a time difference in between, and the advantages can still be maintained.
Qian Xun nodded and said yes.
Zhu Gaoxu continued to subtly promote his new policies to the civil and military officials present. The court relied on agricultural tax only and made limited profits. Due to the limitations of the lunar calendar, it was difficult to increase the annual income.When the territory is opened, the cost of using troops remains high, and troops must be sent to garrison and govern.
But if we develop industry and commerce, open up trade channels, and make profits by relying on trade advantages, we can almost expand our sphere of influence.Only when the country continues to grow and strengthen, people in the world do not have to compete for internal friction for a long time for limited benefits, so that the common people will not be able to survive because they lack food and clothing and cannot resist the court with their heads in their arms.All kinds of problems in the imperial court can be fundamentally solved.
There were many civil and military officials in the living room, but Zhu Gaoxu still did not speak carefully. He said enthusiastically: After we obtained the Ishimi Silver Mine from Japan, Japan also had other gold mines, silver mines, copper mines, and sulfur mines, so those were occupied without any effort.At that time, the imperial court only had to force them to start a country and trade it, and exchange it for heavy metal raw materials.Aren’t Japan’s many guardians fighting for hegemony?Then we will sell weapons and armor for them to fight, and we will fight enough.
There is also a thousand-year battle between the Hui and Hui sects and Nestorians in the Far West. I feel that the intensity of the war between them is too small and not enough to show their piety to the gods. Therefore, the Ming Dynasty needs to provide a large amount of arms so that all religious believers can fight happily.
The conflict between Annan Kingdom and Chameng was not a day or two, and the grievances were never resolved. They did not decide the outcome, mainly because they were limited to insufficient arms, which was a bit regrettable.
The royal family, nobles and lords in the distance need a refined and stylish life, otherwise they will not be able to reflect their superior pure bloodline.
Well-made silk and brocade, flawless white and beautifully patterned porcelain, exquisitely processed silver alloy tableware at jewelry level, and delicious and pleasant spices, just solve their needs and help people's urgent needs.
This world is full of trade opportunities for countries to get rich. Our dynasty has thousands of years of technological advantages. We must not be self-confidence and give up the benefits before us...
Zhu Gaoxu turned to Ru and said: When the Ming army's naval officers and soldiers went to foreign vassals, the Ministry of Works should send people to make friends with local nobles and look for trade opportunities.The Ministry of Industry obtained precious metals, which could be provided to the central bank for coins.
Yes yes.Ru Wei responded quickly.
The civil officials did not refute Zhu Gaoxu's remarks, but no one echoed the conversation.
After all, literati who read the books of sages care about moral right and wrong, and Zhu Gaoxu's remarks are indeed not very noble; therefore, even if some of the officials think it makes sense, they may not express such a proposition in public.
However, Zhu Gaoxu didn't understand the specific process for the first time, which didn't matter; just like Song Li, who was in charge of this matter, probably he didn't know all about it. He just had to find the right person and arrange everything.
Zhu Gaoxu walked out of a room and stood next to a sluice gate.He took out two samples of copper coins given by Song Li from his sleeve bag and looked at them over and over again.
The exquisite copper coins with smooth surface and bright colors have four larger characters on both sides and some small characters.
On the front is Wude Tongbao, and there are four small characters at the bottom: Central Bank; on the back is Tianxiatong, and there is a small line of numbers at the bottom.
It is made of forging with steel balls, so the words on it are all in relief-like form.
And the number?
Zhu Gaoxu turned his head and said: What do these numbers mean?
Song Li hurriedly said: When you return to the emperor, each batch of steel patterns will be deformed after being used for a while. If you have to re-carve the characters, the words will be different; the copper materials will be different.These numbers mean batches of steel franchises.
It makes sense and thinks very thoroughly.Zhu Gaoxu nodded and praised.
Song Li said again: What I am thinking about is to prevent falsehood.Newly minted coins are difficult to make and difficult for ordinary people to imitate.The court just increased the value of new coins, such as a new coins as two old coins of high quality, so that the court can make a lot of profit by minting coins.
When Zhu Gaoxu heard this, he couldn't help but look at Song Li.I thought to myself: It turns out that I am a person who has worked as an official of the Ministry of Revenue for many years.
Zhu Gaoxu said: Copper coins are not worth high and costly; the one that makes the most profit is silver.However, the amount of copper and silver mining will affect the exchange ratio.We can call silver and money "one round", and copper coins are still one paper, and the exchange rate is based on every five years, which is stipulated by the "central bank". Then, the world is known by the way of a mansion, and public notices are posted outside the post station and county government offices.
In addition to the first-hand copper coins, you can also calculate the raw materials and forging costs, and increase the minus value of 10 or 20 cents to facilitate circulation during retail.Large coins are also cast by silver coins, do not square holes or add edges.
Song Li bowed and said: I will follow the order.
Zhu Gaoxu stroked the copper coins in his hand and thought for a while. My heart said: No matter what the problem is, the national currency policy for minting must be more stable than the Daming Baochao, which is conducive to economic development.
Because the theories and systems of this era are still relatively backward.
It is normal for the court to lack money. Without effective accounting and supervision, the court will take risks to solve the finances, and it is difficult to ensure that paper money will not be issued indiscriminately.
But precious metal coins are different, and they must have valuable raw materials; this currency has great disadvantages, but it is the best choice under the backward economic system.
Zhu Gaoxu looked at the copper coins for a while, then looked up at Song Li, and finally said decisively: Master Song, you have stepped down from the Ministry of Revenue. After you go to the Ministry of Personnel to hand over, you will become the Central Bank's promotion official.The third-rank yamen is responsible for minting coins and formulating monetary policies and regulations, and is directly responsible to the emperor or the cabinet, and is not subject to the control of the six ministries.
Song Li was stunned for a moment, knelt directly on the dusty ground, and kowtowed: I thank the emperor for his kindness, and I will share my worries with the emperor before and behind the saddle, and live up to the emperor's trust.
Zhu Gaoxu helped Song Li up, and all the civil and military officials around him congratulated Song Li one after another.
Zhu Gaoxu continued: The Baochao Tuanju Department originally had four branches: papermaking bureau, printing bureau, Baochao warehouse, and running warehouse.The Papermaking Bureau will be responsible for accepting copper and silver materials in the future, but the office that provides the raw materials is the Ministry of Industry.The business database is changed to the Ministry of Revenue, which is responsible for accepting the finished coins.If there is a problem with the outflow of coins, the relevant persons of the Ministry of Industry, the People's Bank of China, the Ministry of Revenue will be investigated according to the authority and punished strictly according to the law.
All the officials answered the order.
Zhu Gaoxu had already thought of this layout.He believed that decentralization and checks and balances were the means of guarantee, and he could not rely solely on choosing a chief official with noble morality, integrity and wiseness.
Zhu Gaoxu turned around and found Qian Xun from the crowd, and said: Qian Youzun’s errand is doing well.We have created various process technologies over the past few thousand years, and someone must collect them and develop new technologies based on the predecessors.The book edited by the fake court, I named it "The Creation of Things in Heaven".
Qian Xun worshipped: The saint is the wise.
Zhu Gaoxu said: This ceremony must be controlled and it is strictly forbidden to leak out of the court, and it must not be allowed to be obtained by foreign vassals.Those who secretly send foreign vassals will punish them for their serious crimes and their tribes for treason!Domestic merchants must pay the patents to the Shouyu Department if they want to use the new technology; the Shouyu Department can also pay to purchase exquisite craftsmanship records from those craftsmen who have passed on their family skills.
Qian Xundao: I am responsible for the order.
Zhu Gaoxu turned around and looked at the noble generals beside him, and said with a smile: Everything is ready, but the east wind is not needed.We have worked so hard, raised so many people, and built the mint, not just to cast copper coins.If the country of Japan fails to obtain silver materials, it will be a joke.
Sheng Yong, Qu Neng and others first agreed.Unexpectedly, Liu Sheng immediately understood the holy intention and said directly: I would like to command the troops. If I cannot win, come and see you!
Zhu Gaoxu pondered for a moment and said: This matter will be decided before the court.
At this time, Song Li said: The emperor has worked hard, please go to the living room to sit down for a while.
Zhu Gaoxu nodded in agreement.
So Song Li and others took a group of monarchs and ministers to leave the workshop area and go to a small courtyard.The servant brought tea and water, brought in some fruit and snacks, and everyone sat and talked for a while.
An important part of the new policy on Wude is to attach importance to technology.Today, Zhu Gaoxu personally visited the Mint, which also reflects this kind of governance philosophy.Everyone talked about craftsman skills in the living room.
Zhu Gaoxu asked Qian Xun about the progress of developing a four-wheeled carriage last time.The result is not much progress, and the method of connecting the front and rear wheels through chains and other methods seems to be not very practical.
Zhu Gaoxu remembered a story. It is said that when Edison invented the electric light, he conducted tens of thousands of tests to find the tungsten wire.
He encouraged Qian Xun and said: To make new things, it often requires constant trial and error, which requires time and cost, which is unavoidable.I also thought of another new thing. The "Chun Han" gun is ignited with a fuse, which has many disadvantages.Maybe you can make another ignition mechanism, use flint to fire; use reed control mechanism to hit flint to produce sparks, and ignite the firing medicine of the musket.
Qian Xun immediately promised to summon the officials and craftsmen who guarded the Nan Office of the State Council and immediately began to try this skill.
Zhu Gaoxu was excited and said: We have to continuously improve the firearm technology and sell relatively backward firearms to foreign vassals for use. This is also a way to increase the annual income of the national treasury.
Qian Xundao: Will the foreigners imitate our firearms?
Zhu Gaoxu said: There is no way. Even if we don’t sell weapons, other countries will sooner or later get samples and think about imitations. The army is equipped with so many firearms, and it is difficult to avoid such things.
However, the assembly line operation and equipment that use new technology in our workshop, large-scale production and cost reduction may be cheaper than other countries' own copying, so that they can continue to sell arms.In addition, when other countries imitate it, we have better technology, and there will be a time difference in between, and the advantages can still be maintained.
Qian Xun nodded and said yes.
Zhu Gaoxu continued to subtly promote his new policies to the civil and military officials present. The court relied on agricultural tax only and made limited profits. Due to the limitations of the lunar calendar, it was difficult to increase the annual income.When the territory is opened, the cost of using troops remains high, and troops must be sent to garrison and govern.
But if we develop industry and commerce, open up trade channels, and make profits by relying on trade advantages, we can almost expand our sphere of influence.Only when the country continues to grow and strengthen, people in the world do not have to compete for internal friction for a long time for limited benefits, so that the common people will not be able to survive because they lack food and clothing and cannot resist the court with their heads in their arms.All kinds of problems in the imperial court can be fundamentally solved.
There were many civil and military officials in the living room, but Zhu Gaoxu still did not speak carefully. He said enthusiastically: After we obtained the Ishimi Silver Mine from Japan, Japan also had other gold mines, silver mines, copper mines, and sulfur mines, so those were occupied without any effort.At that time, the imperial court only had to force them to start a country and trade it, and exchange it for heavy metal raw materials.Aren’t Japan’s many guardians fighting for hegemony?Then we will sell weapons and armor for them to fight, and we will fight enough.
There is also a thousand-year battle between the Hui and Hui sects and Nestorians in the Far West. I feel that the intensity of the war between them is too small and not enough to show their piety to the gods. Therefore, the Ming Dynasty needs to provide a large amount of arms so that all religious believers can fight happily.
The conflict between Annan Kingdom and Chameng was not a day or two, and the grievances were never resolved. They did not decide the outcome, mainly because they were limited to insufficient arms, which was a bit regrettable.
The royal family, nobles and lords in the distance need a refined and stylish life, otherwise they will not be able to reflect their superior pure bloodline.
Well-made silk and brocade, flawless white and beautifully patterned porcelain, exquisitely processed silver alloy tableware at jewelry level, and delicious and pleasant spices, just solve their needs and help people's urgent needs.
This world is full of trade opportunities for countries to get rich. Our dynasty has thousands of years of technological advantages. We must not be self-confidence and give up the benefits before us...
Zhu Gaoxu turned to Ru and said: When the Ming army's naval officers and soldiers went to foreign vassals, the Ministry of Works should send people to make friends with local nobles and look for trade opportunities.The Ministry of Industry obtained precious metals, which could be provided to the central bank for coins.
Yes yes.Ru Wei responded quickly.
The civil officials did not refute Zhu Gaoxu's remarks, but no one echoed the conversation.
After all, literati who read the books of sages care about moral right and wrong, and Zhu Gaoxu's remarks are indeed not very noble; therefore, even if some of the officials think it makes sense, they may not express such a proposition in public.
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