Appendix: Ming Dynasty Clothing

1. Women's regular clothes, back and skirt

The clothing of women in the Ming Dynasty mainly includes shirts, jackets, Xiapei, backs, bijia and skirts. Most of them are imitated from the Tang and Song dynasties, and are generally right-sided lapels. The customs of the Han people have been restored. Among them, Xiapei, backs, bijia is the opposite lapel, and the clothing of adult women is slit on both sides. As the family situation and identity changes of each person, there are various shapes. Ordinary women's clothing is relatively simple, mainly including robe skirts, backs, jackets, cloud shoulders and robes. They evolved from the back, and are characterized by low collars, double-laces, wide sleeves, collars, sleeves with less or no laces, and the length and full clothes.

The picture on the left is a noble lady wearing a dress (illustrated in the "Yànzi" engraved in the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty) is a woman wearing a back (illustrated in the "Yueting Record" engraved in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty) is a woman wearing a skirt (illustrated in the "Jingchai" engraved in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty)

The picture on the left is a noble lady wearing a robe and a maid wearing a robe skirt (illustrated in the "Shi Yu Painting Book" engraved in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty) The picture on the picture on the maid wearing a robe short robe (illustrated in the "Female Talent" engraved in the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty) The picture on the right is a woman wearing a robe and a big-collared short robe (illustrated in the "Female Talent" engraved in the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty)

The back of the Ming Dynasty Wear a narrow-sleeved back and shows the clothes of women in the Ming Dynasty. The main ones are shirts, jackets, Xiapei, backs, bijia and skirts. Most of them are imitated from the Tang and Song dynasties, and are generally right-sided lapels. The customs of the Han people have been restored. Among them, the Xiapei, backs, bijia is the opposite lapel, and the left and right sides are slits. The clothing of adult women is as follows: each person's family background and identity changes, and there are various shapes. Ordinary women's clothing is relatively simple, mainly including ru skirts, backs, jackets, cloud shoulders and robes. There are wide-sleeved backs, narrow-sleeved backs, wide-sleeved backs, which are only on the lapels, decorated with laces, and the collars are all decorative laces, and the collars are only to the chest.

The clothing form of the upper and lower skirts in the Ming Dynasty was the main clothing of women in the Tang Dynasty. It still accounts for a certain proportion of the clothing of women in the Ming Dynasty. The color of the long-sleeved short skirt was light at the beginning. Although there were patterns, it was not obvious. By the early years of Chongzhen, the skirt was mostly plain white. Even if the embroidery patterns were embellished with a lace at the bottom of the skirt. As a presser foot, the skirt was originally six, which is called the skirt dragging six Xiangjiang River water; after eight, there were many fine pleats on the waist, which were like water patterns. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, the decoration of the skirt became more and more exquisite, and the skirt also increased to ten. The pleats on the waist became denser and denser. Each pleat had a color. The breeze blew, and the color was like the moonlight, so it was called a moon skirt. A palace belt was often hung with a ribbon.The specific image and usage method of the palace ribbon are shown in the figure. Generally, several ring knots are tied in the middle and then sag to the ground. Some even tie a jade pendant in the middle to press the skirt so that it does not disperse and affects its beauty. Its function is similar to the jade ring ribbon in the Song Dynasty.

2. The court uniforms and public uniforms of officials

The qilin robe is the court uniform of the Ming Dynasty officials. Its clothing features a large collar, a slanted collar, a loose sleeve, a horizontal waist of the front closure, and a pattern embroidered with pleats. In addition to the two groups of chest and back, it is also distributed at the upper end of the rotator cuff and under the waist (a horizontal strip) and under the left and right ribs. Each sews a wide edge made of its original color. At that time, it is called "swing".

The picture is a picture of the first-class official supplementary clothes and a black gauze hat with a black gauze hat, a buckle, a narrow sleeve robe. The collar is a high collar with a round edge. The collar is the main costume style of men in the Ming Dynasty. Not only can officials be used, but also can be worn by the common people. The collars worn by ordinary people must avoid black, purple, green, willow yellow, turmeric and bright yellow. Others such as blue and ochre are unlimited, commonly known as the variegated collars. After the founding of the Ming Dynasty, the court made new regulations on the common clothes of officials. All civil and military officials, regardless of their rank, must be plastered on the chest and back of the robe. Civil officials use birds and military officials use beasts to show the difference. This is the most distinctive outfit in the Ming Dynasty.

Officials in the Ming Dynasty weave golden python robes. Officials who wear gangs and woven golden python robes and jade belts (Ming Dynasty's "Photo of Wang Ying") wear gangs and woven robes. The gangs and woven robes are taken from the Tang Dynasty scarf, but they have a hard helmet and use iron wire as hard feet. The feet are one foot or two inch long. A person who needs a job must wear python robes for the emperor. Wear python robes and python robes are similar to the dragon robes worn by the emperor. They are not included in the official uniforms, but the robes given by the eunuchs and prime ministers in the Ming Dynasty who received such robes are considered to be a great honor (python is similar to dragons, but the claws are different, the dragon is five claws. Python is four claws. Only the emperor and his relatives can wear five claws and dragon pattern clothes. Some important officials and powerful officials in the late Ming Dynasty also wore five claws, but they are called python dragons)

The python robe of the official in the Ming Dynasty was a kind of emperor's garment. Wearing a python robe must wear a jade belt and a python robe is similar to the dragon robe worn by the emperor. It was not included in the official uniforms, but the garment given by the eunuchs and prime ministers in the Ming Dynasty were awarded by the eunuchs and prime ministers who received such garments. It was considered to be a great honor.