The Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is located 5:37 kilometers from Lintong District, Xi'an City, about 37 kilometers away from the urban area of Xi'an City. It is leaning against Mount Li in the south and the Wei River in the north. Why choose this place?
Some people believe that this is inseparable from the ancients' belief in Feng Shui treasure land. In recent years, geologists have seen the pictures taken by satellites. From Jiaoshan to Huashan, the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is just at the position of the dragon head's eyes. As we all know, there has been a saying that the finishing touch has been drawn since ancient times.
The tomb of Qin Shihuang is approximately square, with a flat top and a slightly stepped waist, 76 meters high, 345 meters long from east to west and 350 meters wide from north to south, covering an area of 120,750 square meters. According to preliminary investigation, the cemetery is divided into two parts: inner city and outer city. The inner city is square, with a circumference of about 3,000 meters. There are two gates in the north wall, one gate in the east, west and south walls. The outer city is rectangular, with a circumference of more than 6,200 meters, and one gate in the four corners. Inside, there are burial horse pits, rare birds and beast pits, pottery figurine pits, there are stable pits outside the tomb, human sacrifice pits, prison pits, and more than 400 tombs of personnel who built the tomb, with a wide range of 25 to 56 square kilometers. The center of the tomb is where Qin Shihuang's coffin is placed.
Since 1974, three terracotta pits in the burial of the terracotta warriors were found at 15 kilometers east of the cemetery. The finished shaped shaped area is more than 20,000 square meters. Eight thousand pottery barrels, hundreds of chariots and tens of thousands of physical weapons were unearthed. Pit No. 1 buried pottery figurines that were the same size as real people and real horses. There were about 6,000 pottery figurines, more than 1,300 pottery figurines, 89 chariots, 68 warrior figurines, one chariot, and four pottery horses.
In 1980, two large bronze chariots and horses were unearthed on the west side of the cemetery. This group of painted bronze chariots and chariots are the largest, most gorgeously decorated, most realistic and complete ancient bronze chariots and horses found in China so far. They are known as the crown of bronze. In addition to the burial pit, the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum also found the ruins of the stone processing site. The architectural relics include door anvils, column foundations, tiles, ridges, tiles, stone waterways, pottery waterways, etc. The scale of the imperial tomb can be seen, but is there any blueprints for the design of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum?
According to historical books, the water princesses have imposed 720,000 prisoners in the world to make tombs, and chisel them into charters. According to the principles, the construction of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is by no means arbitrary, and must be constructed in a planned manner according to the design drawings. Looking at the history of the construction of imperial tombs in history, it is not difficult to imagine the connections. The specific design blueprint is still under further study.
Who presided over the construction of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum?
It is speculated that Shaofu is in charge of construction, and the national mausoleum should be managed by it. Of course, the highest management superior is still the true nature. It is just that the true nature is handled by the Shaofu in detail. However, there is another problem here, that is, the official official of Shaofu was named after the Qin unification. It is impossible to verify whether there is such an official position before the unification. However, regardless of whether there is or not, there must be an institution that specializes in the civil construction project of the palace. As for the name of this institution, it is still to be further verified.
How deep is the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang?
"Records of the Grand Historian: The Annals of Qin Shihuang" says that it passes through the three springs. The description of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum in "Old Books of Han" has a very deep and extremely deep word. Some people believe that the underground palace of Qin Mausoleum is neither shallow nor deep. The three springs mentioned in the book are nothing more than the nine springs that people often mention. According to "Lüshi Chunqiu": If the fox is shallow, it will be raised by the water spring, and if the deepest reaches the spring, it will be as deep as the spring water. In ancient times, due to technical restrictions, it was not easy to construct under the spring water. Moreover, if the underground palace is located below the groundwater level and the groundwater penetrates for a long time, it will definitely cause the underground palace to be baptized. Qin Shihuang and his designers of the imperial tombs cannot ignore this point. Of course, these are just speculations. The specific situation is unknown.
The underground palace is the place where coffins and burial objects are placed. It is the core of the Qin Emperor's Mausoleum. There has been many different opinions on the location of the Qin Emperor's Mausoleum. There is a passage in the historical book "Han Jiuyi" about the depth of the underground palace: In 210 BC, Prime Minister Li Si reported to Qin Emperor that he brought 720,000 people to build the tomb of Mount Li, which had been dug very deeply, as if it was underground. After hearing this, Qin Emperor ordered to walk three hundred feet or even three hundred feet next to it. It was said that the Qin Emperor's underground palace was even more confusing. It was once said that the Qin Emperor's underground palace was in Mount Li, and there was an underground passage between Mount Li and the Qin Emperor. Every time it rained, it was cloudy and rainy. The underground soldiers passed by, and the people were cheerful and horses were very lively. It is reported that archaeologists have conducted many investigations based on this legend, but they have never found the legendary underground passage.
Since he ascended the throne at the age of thirteen, Qin Shihuang began to build his tombs in Mount Li. After unifying the six kingdoms, he recruited more than 100,000 people from all over the country to continue the construction. Until he died at the age of 50, he practiced for thirty-seven years. Qin Shihuang was famous for his name and was called Qin Ershi after his son ascended the throne.
According to historical records, Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum was dug under the spring water, and then cast and reinforced with copper juice. The tomb palace was built and the palace pavilions and the officials met, and was filled with rare treasures. In order to prevent theft, there were hidden arrows in the tomb room. The bend of the tomb room was decorated with gems and pearls, symbolizing the celestial stars. Below are the geographical situation of the hundreds of rivers, the five mountains and the nine provinces. The mercury was infused with machinery, symbolizing the endless flow of rivers and seas, and there were pheasants made of gold floating on it. The tomb room was lit with eternal lights made of whale oil. A giant terracotta warrior array was arranged around the tomb. The design of the tomb reflects the supreme power and majesty of the First Emperor everywhere.
In 210 BC, Qin Shihuang died suddenly on a sand dune platform (now Pingxiang, Hebei). Two months after his death, the body was transported back to Xianyang for a funeral ceremony. During the burial, Qin II Hu Hai ordered that all the palace maids of Qin Shihuang be buried with him, and all the craftsmen who built the tombs were buried with him.
The Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is famous for its magnificent scale and unprecedented grand funeral. Everyone who cares about the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is very concerned about whether it has been stolen. Judging from the entire ancient Chinese history, the end of each dynasty was the most chaotic period, with heroes competing for hegemony, bandits rampant, and the entire society was in an anarchy state. This was a great opportunity for tomb robbers to dig graves. Almost all the tombs of dynasties in history were stolen at this time.
According to the "Book of Han" and "Shui Jing Notes", the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang was burned down by Xiang Yu in 206 BC. Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty said in his "Shui Jing Notes" that after Xiang Yu entered Xianyang, he transported 300,000 people for 30 days and had not transported the things. Later, the thieves in Guandong stolen the copper coffin. Later, a shepherd rushed into the tomb with a torch, accidentally caught fire, and completely burned the tomb. It is said that the fire lasted for 90 days and was not destroyed. It is said that the ground of the mausoleum area, which covers dozens of miles, has also sunk several meters with the collapse of some burial pits and burial tombs, which has disappeared, and underground burials have also been damaged to a certain extent. These records are proved by archaeological discoveries today. The burial pits and burial tombs discovered in the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang have almost all been damaged by stolen and burned fire.
The King of Qin swept the Liuhe River, He Xiongzai, the prisoner was 700,000, and the land on the mountain. This popular poem comes from the writings of the great poet Li Bai. It praises Qin Shihuang's brilliant achievements and describes the great momentum of the construction of the Lishan tomb project. Indeed, the cemetery project is vast, the number of workers used, and the duration is unprecedented.
The construction of the cemetery project was accompanied by Qin Shihuang's political career. When he had just ascended the throne of the king at the age of thirteen, the construction of the cemetery began. It took nearly 40 years. By the time of Qin's demise, the cemetery was not yet fully completed. According to Sima Qian's "Records of the Grand Historian", the First Emperor succeeded to the throne and ruled Lishan and merged the world. The world sent 700,000 people through three springs, and under copper to form a coffin. The palace officials and the palaces were moved to Zang Man, and once ordered Zhou craftsmen to make crossbows and arrows. Those who had penetrated near each other would shoot them. Mercury was used as a river and sea. The machine was instilled with astronomy and geography. Mermaid paste was used as candles, and those who had never died were used for a long time.
Looking at the cemetery project, it can be divided into three construction stages. From the beginning of the throne of the King of Qin to the unification of the country, the early stage of the cemetery project was the design and the construction of the main project in this stage, which initially laid the scale and basic pattern of the cemetery project. From the unification of the country to the thirty-five years of Qin Shihuang, it took nine years to be a large-scale construction period of the cemetery project. After nine years of construction by hundreds of thousands of people over nine years, the main project of the cemetery was basically completed. From the thirty-five years of Qin Shihuang to the winter of the second year of the second year of the Second Emperor, it took more than three years forIn the final stage of the project, a large amount of stone used in the imperial tomb was transported from the mountains of Weibei, more than a hundred miles away. In particular, the hundreds of thousands of cubic meters of wood used in the cemetery were all from Hubei, Sichuan and other places, which were far away by artificial logging and manpower, and a large number of finely burial objects such as 8,000 terracotta soldiers and horses buried in the cemetery, including a large number of finely burial objects such as 8,000 terracotta warriors and copper chariots and horses. Such a huge project is extremely rare in the history of the construction of Chinese and foreign tombs. In terms of the early stage of the cemetery project, when the Qin State was engaged in a large-scale war against the outside world, a considerable number of people were recruited to recharge.It is obviously impossible to draw more manpower to engage in the construction of the cemetery project in the early stages of the cemetery project. Although historical books are missing and cannot be verified, the number will not be large. The second stage of the cemetery project is the time when Qin Shihuang completed the historical cause of unifying the country. From Qin Shihuang himself, he could completely shift his attention from war to the construction of the cemetery project. From the facts of the country, only then can it be possible to draw a large amount of manpower and material resources from all over the country to engage in the construction of the cemetery project. From the whole country, it is possible to draw a large amount of manpower and material resources from all over the country to engage in the construction of the cemetery project. From the whole country,720,000 people were recruited to build Qin Mausoleums and expanded the scale. Such a huge group of tomb repairs is unique in history, both in China and abroad. The division of labor of the 720,000 tomb repairs is different. Some of them cut and transport timber in Sichuan, and some cut stones on the north bank of the Wei River. However, most of the labor is still concentrated inside and outside the Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum. In just eight months, from the burial of Qin Shihuang to the end of the soil covering, one must concentrate its forces to complete it. In the 35th year of Qin Shihuang, half of the people who were to repair the tomb, or 360,000 people, were taken away to repair the Afang Palace.
Some people believe that this is inseparable from the ancients' belief in Feng Shui treasure land. In recent years, geologists have seen the pictures taken by satellites. From Jiaoshan to Huashan, the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is just at the position of the dragon head's eyes. As we all know, there has been a saying that the finishing touch has been drawn since ancient times.
The tomb of Qin Shihuang is approximately square, with a flat top and a slightly stepped waist, 76 meters high, 345 meters long from east to west and 350 meters wide from north to south, covering an area of 120,750 square meters. According to preliminary investigation, the cemetery is divided into two parts: inner city and outer city. The inner city is square, with a circumference of about 3,000 meters. There are two gates in the north wall, one gate in the east, west and south walls. The outer city is rectangular, with a circumference of more than 6,200 meters, and one gate in the four corners. Inside, there are burial horse pits, rare birds and beast pits, pottery figurine pits, there are stable pits outside the tomb, human sacrifice pits, prison pits, and more than 400 tombs of personnel who built the tomb, with a wide range of 25 to 56 square kilometers. The center of the tomb is where Qin Shihuang's coffin is placed.
Since 1974, three terracotta pits in the burial of the terracotta warriors were found at 15 kilometers east of the cemetery. The finished shaped shaped area is more than 20,000 square meters. Eight thousand pottery barrels, hundreds of chariots and tens of thousands of physical weapons were unearthed. Pit No. 1 buried pottery figurines that were the same size as real people and real horses. There were about 6,000 pottery figurines, more than 1,300 pottery figurines, 89 chariots, 68 warrior figurines, one chariot, and four pottery horses.
In 1980, two large bronze chariots and horses were unearthed on the west side of the cemetery. This group of painted bronze chariots and chariots are the largest, most gorgeously decorated, most realistic and complete ancient bronze chariots and horses found in China so far. They are known as the crown of bronze. In addition to the burial pit, the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum also found the ruins of the stone processing site. The architectural relics include door anvils, column foundations, tiles, ridges, tiles, stone waterways, pottery waterways, etc. The scale of the imperial tomb can be seen, but is there any blueprints for the design of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum?
According to historical books, the water princesses have imposed 720,000 prisoners in the world to make tombs, and chisel them into charters. According to the principles, the construction of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is by no means arbitrary, and must be constructed in a planned manner according to the design drawings. Looking at the history of the construction of imperial tombs in history, it is not difficult to imagine the connections. The specific design blueprint is still under further study.
Who presided over the construction of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum?
It is speculated that Shaofu is in charge of construction, and the national mausoleum should be managed by it. Of course, the highest management superior is still the true nature. It is just that the true nature is handled by the Shaofu in detail. However, there is another problem here, that is, the official official of Shaofu was named after the Qin unification. It is impossible to verify whether there is such an official position before the unification. However, regardless of whether there is or not, there must be an institution that specializes in the civil construction project of the palace. As for the name of this institution, it is still to be further verified.
How deep is the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang?
"Records of the Grand Historian: The Annals of Qin Shihuang" says that it passes through the three springs. The description of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum in "Old Books of Han" has a very deep and extremely deep word. Some people believe that the underground palace of Qin Mausoleum is neither shallow nor deep. The three springs mentioned in the book are nothing more than the nine springs that people often mention. According to "Lüshi Chunqiu": If the fox is shallow, it will be raised by the water spring, and if the deepest reaches the spring, it will be as deep as the spring water. In ancient times, due to technical restrictions, it was not easy to construct under the spring water. Moreover, if the underground palace is located below the groundwater level and the groundwater penetrates for a long time, it will definitely cause the underground palace to be baptized. Qin Shihuang and his designers of the imperial tombs cannot ignore this point. Of course, these are just speculations. The specific situation is unknown.
The underground palace is the place where coffins and burial objects are placed. It is the core of the Qin Emperor's Mausoleum. There has been many different opinions on the location of the Qin Emperor's Mausoleum. There is a passage in the historical book "Han Jiuyi" about the depth of the underground palace: In 210 BC, Prime Minister Li Si reported to Qin Emperor that he brought 720,000 people to build the tomb of Mount Li, which had been dug very deeply, as if it was underground. After hearing this, Qin Emperor ordered to walk three hundred feet or even three hundred feet next to it. It was said that the Qin Emperor's underground palace was even more confusing. It was once said that the Qin Emperor's underground palace was in Mount Li, and there was an underground passage between Mount Li and the Qin Emperor. Every time it rained, it was cloudy and rainy. The underground soldiers passed by, and the people were cheerful and horses were very lively. It is reported that archaeologists have conducted many investigations based on this legend, but they have never found the legendary underground passage.
Since he ascended the throne at the age of thirteen, Qin Shihuang began to build his tombs in Mount Li. After unifying the six kingdoms, he recruited more than 100,000 people from all over the country to continue the construction. Until he died at the age of 50, he practiced for thirty-seven years. Qin Shihuang was famous for his name and was called Qin Ershi after his son ascended the throne.
According to historical records, Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum was dug under the spring water, and then cast and reinforced with copper juice. The tomb palace was built and the palace pavilions and the officials met, and was filled with rare treasures. In order to prevent theft, there were hidden arrows in the tomb room. The bend of the tomb room was decorated with gems and pearls, symbolizing the celestial stars. Below are the geographical situation of the hundreds of rivers, the five mountains and the nine provinces. The mercury was infused with machinery, symbolizing the endless flow of rivers and seas, and there were pheasants made of gold floating on it. The tomb room was lit with eternal lights made of whale oil. A giant terracotta warrior array was arranged around the tomb. The design of the tomb reflects the supreme power and majesty of the First Emperor everywhere.
In 210 BC, Qin Shihuang died suddenly on a sand dune platform (now Pingxiang, Hebei). Two months after his death, the body was transported back to Xianyang for a funeral ceremony. During the burial, Qin II Hu Hai ordered that all the palace maids of Qin Shihuang be buried with him, and all the craftsmen who built the tombs were buried with him.
The Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is famous for its magnificent scale and unprecedented grand funeral. Everyone who cares about the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang is very concerned about whether it has been stolen. Judging from the entire ancient Chinese history, the end of each dynasty was the most chaotic period, with heroes competing for hegemony, bandits rampant, and the entire society was in an anarchy state. This was a great opportunity for tomb robbers to dig graves. Almost all the tombs of dynasties in history were stolen at this time.
According to the "Book of Han" and "Shui Jing Notes", the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang was burned down by Xiang Yu in 206 BC. Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty said in his "Shui Jing Notes" that after Xiang Yu entered Xianyang, he transported 300,000 people for 30 days and had not transported the things. Later, the thieves in Guandong stolen the copper coffin. Later, a shepherd rushed into the tomb with a torch, accidentally caught fire, and completely burned the tomb. It is said that the fire lasted for 90 days and was not destroyed. It is said that the ground of the mausoleum area, which covers dozens of miles, has also sunk several meters with the collapse of some burial pits and burial tombs, which has disappeared, and underground burials have also been damaged to a certain extent. These records are proved by archaeological discoveries today. The burial pits and burial tombs discovered in the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang have almost all been damaged by stolen and burned fire.
The King of Qin swept the Liuhe River, He Xiongzai, the prisoner was 700,000, and the land on the mountain. This popular poem comes from the writings of the great poet Li Bai. It praises Qin Shihuang's brilliant achievements and describes the great momentum of the construction of the Lishan tomb project. Indeed, the cemetery project is vast, the number of workers used, and the duration is unprecedented.
The construction of the cemetery project was accompanied by Qin Shihuang's political career. When he had just ascended the throne of the king at the age of thirteen, the construction of the cemetery began. It took nearly 40 years. By the time of Qin's demise, the cemetery was not yet fully completed. According to Sima Qian's "Records of the Grand Historian", the First Emperor succeeded to the throne and ruled Lishan and merged the world. The world sent 700,000 people through three springs, and under copper to form a coffin. The palace officials and the palaces were moved to Zang Man, and once ordered Zhou craftsmen to make crossbows and arrows. Those who had penetrated near each other would shoot them. Mercury was used as a river and sea. The machine was instilled with astronomy and geography. Mermaid paste was used as candles, and those who had never died were used for a long time.
Looking at the cemetery project, it can be divided into three construction stages. From the beginning of the throne of the King of Qin to the unification of the country, the early stage of the cemetery project was the design and the construction of the main project in this stage, which initially laid the scale and basic pattern of the cemetery project. From the unification of the country to the thirty-five years of Qin Shihuang, it took nine years to be a large-scale construction period of the cemetery project. After nine years of construction by hundreds of thousands of people over nine years, the main project of the cemetery was basically completed. From the thirty-five years of Qin Shihuang to the winter of the second year of the second year of the Second Emperor, it took more than three years forIn the final stage of the project, a large amount of stone used in the imperial tomb was transported from the mountains of Weibei, more than a hundred miles away. In particular, the hundreds of thousands of cubic meters of wood used in the cemetery were all from Hubei, Sichuan and other places, which were far away by artificial logging and manpower, and a large number of finely burial objects such as 8,000 terracotta soldiers and horses buried in the cemetery, including a large number of finely burial objects such as 8,000 terracotta warriors and copper chariots and horses. Such a huge project is extremely rare in the history of the construction of Chinese and foreign tombs. In terms of the early stage of the cemetery project, when the Qin State was engaged in a large-scale war against the outside world, a considerable number of people were recruited to recharge.It is obviously impossible to draw more manpower to engage in the construction of the cemetery project in the early stages of the cemetery project. Although historical books are missing and cannot be verified, the number will not be large. The second stage of the cemetery project is the time when Qin Shihuang completed the historical cause of unifying the country. From Qin Shihuang himself, he could completely shift his attention from war to the construction of the cemetery project. From the facts of the country, only then can it be possible to draw a large amount of manpower and material resources from all over the country to engage in the construction of the cemetery project. From the whole country, it is possible to draw a large amount of manpower and material resources from all over the country to engage in the construction of the cemetery project. From the whole country,720,000 people were recruited to build Qin Mausoleums and expanded the scale. Such a huge group of tomb repairs is unique in history, both in China and abroad. The division of labor of the 720,000 tomb repairs is different. Some of them cut and transport timber in Sichuan, and some cut stones on the north bank of the Wei River. However, most of the labor is still concentrated inside and outside the Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum. In just eight months, from the burial of Qin Shihuang to the end of the soil covering, one must concentrate its forces to complete it. In the 35th year of Qin Shihuang, half of the people who were to repair the tomb, or 360,000 people, were taken away to repair the Afang Palace.
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