Another source is the modern source of Greek culture, Aegean civilization, and Aegean civilization were discovered relatively late. It was only more than a hundred years ago that archaeologists discovered Crete near the Aegean Sea. After archaeological excavation of this island, they found very wonderful palace building ruins, and even various sanitary equipment, but those sanitary equipmentI don't know what it was, but I can believe that the civilization at that time was quite developed and prosperous. This Crete actually became a springboard between the Mesopotamian Valley and the Greek mainland. Hebrew's civilization, Hebrew's religious thoughts and theology were also introduced to Greece through it, and combined with Greek philosophy. So it seems that Greek culture has its own local things, and more components were obtained from the Mesopotamian Valley. It is Babylonian culture, Phoenician culture, and Phoenician is equivalent to Lebanon now. The influence of Phoenician culture on Greece is mainly in terms of writing. Phoenician characters have only sub-sounds and no vowels. After arriving in Greece, Greece added several vowels and became something that can be pronounced. This is the ancestor of Greek, and I am afraid it should also be the ancestor of European languages.
Therefore, it can be said that the source of European civilization is Greece, and the source of Greek civilization is exchange with the Mesopotamia. It is not that a Greek culture has developed from the culture of the Mesopotamia, but that Greek culture was influenced by the Mesopotamia culture. At that time, the level of civilization in the Mesopotamia was higher than that of Greece. In this way, the ancient history of Greece was found in later times. Hegel often said that whenever Greece was mentioned, there was a sense of home. Such a large Europe regarded such a small Greece as its home. This was not accidental, but the home of Europe we need to understand has its roots and its source, just like our own ancient history, we pursue our own ancient history.
There is no other meaning to say this passage. It just means that European civilization did not fall from the sky, but had a historical development. The current European civilization is already very different from the ancient European civilization. We often say that the core of European civilization is science and democracy. Did science and democracy exist in the Greek era?
Of course, there was a period of democracy in the Greek era and some scientific ideas. If we don’t understand these things, it will be difficult to understand how Europe has slowly developed from centuries to centuries.
As for the original origin of the European royal family, it mainly comes from the Holy Roman Empire. Feudal society is a hierarchical society, which means that everyone is not equal before the law. In the "Saxon Code" in the high-level medieval period, the army shield system explains the formation of the hierarchy. There are seven recipients at the top. The king is followed by the archbishop and bishop, and the secular aristocrats. The earl and the free lord are ranked fourth, the accompanying ministers and retainers are ranked fifth, their vassals are ranked sixth, and the last one is the single shield knight.
The issue of titles of secular aristocrats (letting aside religious class here)
Kaiser, the most understandable boss, is the word "Kaiser" from the ancient Roman emperor
King Knig and emperor are often the same person, but the Holy Roman Empire had a precedent for the son to be crowned as king when his father was alive, because after all, there was an electoral system. This is a way to ensure the smooth pass of the throne (throne). The son would have the title of German king and Roman king (or Roman king). He was just a prince and would not exercise the power of a real king.
The Duke (Herzg) was in the height of the Holy Roman Empire. The Duke was a super power figure. Germany was composed of tribal priests at that time. The head of state of the Holy Roman Empire was elected from the Duke. At that time, the Duke's family could say this: The emperor took turns to do it and came to my house next year.
Becoming a duke is actually a short distance from the throne of the king. Every dynasty started with the duke family. It can be said that the Saxon dynasty, the Frankennia dynasty, the Wabian dynasty, are very telling. When the Holy Roman Empire was at its peak and was incorporated into the Italian part, it was also granted many dukes. However, the duke of Italy was completely different from the German locality. It was considered a title of a bureaucratic centralized country.
Fang Bo/Marquis (Landgraf) can actually be understood as Marquis, because according to the translation of the word Fang Bo is quite appropriate. Thuringian's lord is Landgraf. Because it is not a tribal principality, its power is almost equal to that of the Duke, but it is still slightly lower.
The Border/Marquis (Markgraf) is also a very powerful figure. As the name suggests, the highest commander of the border region, such as the Markgraf of the Askan family in Brandenburg, Albrecht, the border region chief is obviously a prince who focuses on force and has self-respecting troops. The marquis of Meisen are also Markgraf, and the commander of the Ancona border region in Italy is also
The Earl of the Palace (Pfalzgraf) is often translated as the Earl of Pfalz, also known as the Earl of Paladin, which is the Earl of the Royal Power in the territory. Of course, it is also a great figure. It is often held by people with close personal relationships with the emperor. For example, the half-brother of the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick I, was the Earl of the Rhine Palace, and Henry VI's younger brother was the Earl of the Burgundy Palace, both of whom seemed to be quite privileged.
Franshconte brought to him by the Queen of Frederick I, the Holy Roman Emperor, is the country of Liberty. At first glance, the country of Liberty is a good place for the lord to do whatever he wants.
The Count of Castle (Burggraf) can be translated as the Chief of Castle. This translation is very appropriate. It is the princes who were appointed by the emperor to manage the imperial castle. In fact, it is the administrative and military affairs there. For example, Magdeburg is Burggraf. Hohenzollern, who later became the Second Empire, was born in Nuremberg Burggraf in South Germany.
After Ye Tianchen left the hospital, he took the bus to the airport. When he was taking the bus, Ye Tianchen had already booked a flight ticket. He first flew to Amsterdam Stahhot International Airport, and then transferred from Amsterdam to that small European country.
Amsterdam is located on the southwest shore of Lake Eisel. It is the capital of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is the largest city and the second largest port in the Netherlands. It has a population of about 710,000. It is known as Venice in the north. Amsterdam was still a fishing village in the early Middle Ages. It was only established in 1926. It became the capital of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the early 19th century. Before the 16th century, the Netherlands was in a state of feudal separatism for a long time and was ruled by Spain in the early 16th century. Before that, there was no unified history. The bourgeois revolution occurred in 1566., In 1568, the war against Spanish rule broke out, which lasted for eighty years, declared independence from Spain in 1581, and began to become a maritime colonial power in the early 17th century. In 1795, the French invaded, and after Napoleon's failure, the Kingdom of the Netherlands was established in 1815, and remained neutral in World War I. Although it was declared neutral in the beginning of World War II, it was still suddenly invaded by the German army. In 1949, he joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and joined the European Community in 1958.
The Amster River flows through the city, making the city the intersection of inland water transport in Europe
Amsterdam is a unique city. There are more than 160 large and small waterways in the city, connected by more than 1,000 bridges, wandering around the city, with bridges intertwined and rivers and canals crossing.
From the aerial view, the waves are as bright as satin and are like spider webs
The terrain in the city is one to five meters below sea level, and is called Venice in the north. Due to the small land and many people, there are nearly 20,000 houses and houses moored on the river. In the past, the buildings in the city were almost all made of black asphalt wooden piles to prevent sinking. The foundation of the palace used 13,659 wooden piles.
Dan, in Dutch, means dams. It is a dam built by the Dutch, which gradually developed a fishing village seven hundred years ago into an international metropolis today. At the end of the 16th century, Amsterdam became an important port and trade city, and once became a world financial, trade and cultural center in the 17th century. In 1806, the Netherlands moved the capital to Amsterdam, but the royal family, parliament, prime minister's office, central ministries and diplomatic missions remained in the Hague.
Amsterdam is the largest industrial city and economic center in the Netherlands. It has more than 7,700 industrial enterprises. The production of industrial diamonds accounts for 80% of the world's total. In addition, Amsterdam also has the world's oldest stock exchange. Amsterdam is the second largest port in the Netherlands. The port has been completely modernized. The transportation inside and outside the port is very developed.
Flowers are an important export commodity in the Netherlands. Asmer Flower Market, located in the southwestern suburb of Amsterdam, is the largest flower market in the world. Flowers are sold to more than 100 countries. Amsterdam lives on the water, water enters the city, people and water depend on each other, and the scenery is natural.
The unique landscape makes Amsterdam's tourism industry very developed
Amsterdam is also a famous city of European culture and art. There are forty museums in the city. The National Museum contains more than one million artworks, including masterpieces by masters such as Rembrandt, Hals and Furmeer, who are famous all over the world. The Municipal Museum of Modern Art and the Van Gogh Art Gallery are famous for collecting Dutch artworks in the 17th century. The "Crow's Wheat Field" and "The Farmer Eating Potatoes" completed two days before Van Gogh's death are displayed here.
In 1994, Amsterdam became a friendly city with Beijing. The original appearance of Amsterdam's golden age was preserved. It was almost a living museum, with beautiful canals intertwined.The scenery, the museums include works by all famous Dutch painters, classical music halls, and performances in the National Concert Hall are not to be missed. Amsterdam looks ancient and very interesting. All three- and four-story small buildings are carefully decorated with blue, green and red, as cute as fake. The doors of these toy-like buildings are so small that they can only allow one person to enter. In ancient times, there was a strange law here. The larger the door, the more taxes they paid. The helpless people had to make the door as small as possible, but the windows were made large, and the furniture and other things were lifted in and out of the window. At the top of all small buildings, there were several iron hooks that were extended to fix the ropes used to lift items.
Therefore, it can be said that the source of European civilization is Greece, and the source of Greek civilization is exchange with the Mesopotamia. It is not that a Greek culture has developed from the culture of the Mesopotamia, but that Greek culture was influenced by the Mesopotamia culture. At that time, the level of civilization in the Mesopotamia was higher than that of Greece. In this way, the ancient history of Greece was found in later times. Hegel often said that whenever Greece was mentioned, there was a sense of home. Such a large Europe regarded such a small Greece as its home. This was not accidental, but the home of Europe we need to understand has its roots and its source, just like our own ancient history, we pursue our own ancient history.
There is no other meaning to say this passage. It just means that European civilization did not fall from the sky, but had a historical development. The current European civilization is already very different from the ancient European civilization. We often say that the core of European civilization is science and democracy. Did science and democracy exist in the Greek era?
Of course, there was a period of democracy in the Greek era and some scientific ideas. If we don’t understand these things, it will be difficult to understand how Europe has slowly developed from centuries to centuries.
As for the original origin of the European royal family, it mainly comes from the Holy Roman Empire. Feudal society is a hierarchical society, which means that everyone is not equal before the law. In the "Saxon Code" in the high-level medieval period, the army shield system explains the formation of the hierarchy. There are seven recipients at the top. The king is followed by the archbishop and bishop, and the secular aristocrats. The earl and the free lord are ranked fourth, the accompanying ministers and retainers are ranked fifth, their vassals are ranked sixth, and the last one is the single shield knight.
The issue of titles of secular aristocrats (letting aside religious class here)
Kaiser, the most understandable boss, is the word "Kaiser" from the ancient Roman emperor
King Knig and emperor are often the same person, but the Holy Roman Empire had a precedent for the son to be crowned as king when his father was alive, because after all, there was an electoral system. This is a way to ensure the smooth pass of the throne (throne). The son would have the title of German king and Roman king (or Roman king). He was just a prince and would not exercise the power of a real king.
The Duke (Herzg) was in the height of the Holy Roman Empire. The Duke was a super power figure. Germany was composed of tribal priests at that time. The head of state of the Holy Roman Empire was elected from the Duke. At that time, the Duke's family could say this: The emperor took turns to do it and came to my house next year.
Becoming a duke is actually a short distance from the throne of the king. Every dynasty started with the duke family. It can be said that the Saxon dynasty, the Frankennia dynasty, the Wabian dynasty, are very telling. When the Holy Roman Empire was at its peak and was incorporated into the Italian part, it was also granted many dukes. However, the duke of Italy was completely different from the German locality. It was considered a title of a bureaucratic centralized country.
Fang Bo/Marquis (Landgraf) can actually be understood as Marquis, because according to the translation of the word Fang Bo is quite appropriate. Thuringian's lord is Landgraf. Because it is not a tribal principality, its power is almost equal to that of the Duke, but it is still slightly lower.
The Border/Marquis (Markgraf) is also a very powerful figure. As the name suggests, the highest commander of the border region, such as the Markgraf of the Askan family in Brandenburg, Albrecht, the border region chief is obviously a prince who focuses on force and has self-respecting troops. The marquis of Meisen are also Markgraf, and the commander of the Ancona border region in Italy is also
The Earl of the Palace (Pfalzgraf) is often translated as the Earl of Pfalz, also known as the Earl of Paladin, which is the Earl of the Royal Power in the territory. Of course, it is also a great figure. It is often held by people with close personal relationships with the emperor. For example, the half-brother of the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick I, was the Earl of the Rhine Palace, and Henry VI's younger brother was the Earl of the Burgundy Palace, both of whom seemed to be quite privileged.
Franshconte brought to him by the Queen of Frederick I, the Holy Roman Emperor, is the country of Liberty. At first glance, the country of Liberty is a good place for the lord to do whatever he wants.
The Count of Castle (Burggraf) can be translated as the Chief of Castle. This translation is very appropriate. It is the princes who were appointed by the emperor to manage the imperial castle. In fact, it is the administrative and military affairs there. For example, Magdeburg is Burggraf. Hohenzollern, who later became the Second Empire, was born in Nuremberg Burggraf in South Germany.
After Ye Tianchen left the hospital, he took the bus to the airport. When he was taking the bus, Ye Tianchen had already booked a flight ticket. He first flew to Amsterdam Stahhot International Airport, and then transferred from Amsterdam to that small European country.
Amsterdam is located on the southwest shore of Lake Eisel. It is the capital of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is the largest city and the second largest port in the Netherlands. It has a population of about 710,000. It is known as Venice in the north. Amsterdam was still a fishing village in the early Middle Ages. It was only established in 1926. It became the capital of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the early 19th century. Before the 16th century, the Netherlands was in a state of feudal separatism for a long time and was ruled by Spain in the early 16th century. Before that, there was no unified history. The bourgeois revolution occurred in 1566., In 1568, the war against Spanish rule broke out, which lasted for eighty years, declared independence from Spain in 1581, and began to become a maritime colonial power in the early 17th century. In 1795, the French invaded, and after Napoleon's failure, the Kingdom of the Netherlands was established in 1815, and remained neutral in World War I. Although it was declared neutral in the beginning of World War II, it was still suddenly invaded by the German army. In 1949, he joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and joined the European Community in 1958.
The Amster River flows through the city, making the city the intersection of inland water transport in Europe
Amsterdam is a unique city. There are more than 160 large and small waterways in the city, connected by more than 1,000 bridges, wandering around the city, with bridges intertwined and rivers and canals crossing.
From the aerial view, the waves are as bright as satin and are like spider webs
The terrain in the city is one to five meters below sea level, and is called Venice in the north. Due to the small land and many people, there are nearly 20,000 houses and houses moored on the river. In the past, the buildings in the city were almost all made of black asphalt wooden piles to prevent sinking. The foundation of the palace used 13,659 wooden piles.
Dan, in Dutch, means dams. It is a dam built by the Dutch, which gradually developed a fishing village seven hundred years ago into an international metropolis today. At the end of the 16th century, Amsterdam became an important port and trade city, and once became a world financial, trade and cultural center in the 17th century. In 1806, the Netherlands moved the capital to Amsterdam, but the royal family, parliament, prime minister's office, central ministries and diplomatic missions remained in the Hague.
Amsterdam is the largest industrial city and economic center in the Netherlands. It has more than 7,700 industrial enterprises. The production of industrial diamonds accounts for 80% of the world's total. In addition, Amsterdam also has the world's oldest stock exchange. Amsterdam is the second largest port in the Netherlands. The port has been completely modernized. The transportation inside and outside the port is very developed.
Flowers are an important export commodity in the Netherlands. Asmer Flower Market, located in the southwestern suburb of Amsterdam, is the largest flower market in the world. Flowers are sold to more than 100 countries. Amsterdam lives on the water, water enters the city, people and water depend on each other, and the scenery is natural.
The unique landscape makes Amsterdam's tourism industry very developed
Amsterdam is also a famous city of European culture and art. There are forty museums in the city. The National Museum contains more than one million artworks, including masterpieces by masters such as Rembrandt, Hals and Furmeer, who are famous all over the world. The Municipal Museum of Modern Art and the Van Gogh Art Gallery are famous for collecting Dutch artworks in the 17th century. The "Crow's Wheat Field" and "The Farmer Eating Potatoes" completed two days before Van Gogh's death are displayed here.
In 1994, Amsterdam became a friendly city with Beijing. The original appearance of Amsterdam's golden age was preserved. It was almost a living museum, with beautiful canals intertwined.The scenery, the museums include works by all famous Dutch painters, classical music halls, and performances in the National Concert Hall are not to be missed. Amsterdam looks ancient and very interesting. All three- and four-story small buildings are carefully decorated with blue, green and red, as cute as fake. The doors of these toy-like buildings are so small that they can only allow one person to enter. In ancient times, there was a strange law here. The larger the door, the more taxes they paid. The helpless people had to make the door as small as possible, but the windows were made large, and the furniture and other things were lifted in and out of the window. At the top of all small buildings, there were several iron hooks that were extended to fix the ropes used to lift items.
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