Guilin City, with green mountains and clear waters, has a very beautiful scenery under the clear and crisp autumn sky.
Jianhu (Rongshan Lake) has misty waves, and pavilions and pavilions dot the among them.The flags were flying on the field of the Chengnan School, and the white smoke was bursting. The practice of the Han Wangjun at least looked very spectacular.
Some new simple wooden houses were built near the schoolyard to accommodate the Shengyong Ping An Ministry that had arrived one after another.
The camp has not been built yet, and there are many tents nearby, with neatly arranged gray and white tents that complement the white clouds in the sky, making them look quite impressive.
A shout came not far away.
When Zhu Gaoxu turned around and looked at it, he saw two rows of soldiers squatting or standing, and fired muskets together. With the sound of bang bang bang bang bang..., white smoke was blown into the air by the wind, and mixed into a large ball.
Zhu Gaoxu only looked at their posture and knew that the musket soldiers there used all the mountain guns...
Over the past few months, the muskets made in the rear have been transported in batches to supplement the front line; all the newly built copper muskets are mountain-opening guns, which have successively replaced the copper hand guns that were equipped in the original army.
The firearms and equipment of the Han Wang Army have gradually embarked on a different path from the imperial army.
The official army developed from the copper hand guns in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty to the sharp guns; sharp guns were also a cast copper fire gun, but the structure was slightly different, and the lead bullets were replaced by arrow clusters.
The ammunition of the Han Wangjun has not changed, and the main improvement is the ignition device.
The artillery of the two sides also began to show great differences. The artillery manufacturing of the Han Wang Army was mainly arranged by the Nansi of the Guardian Mansion, and the Guardian Mansion was greatly influenced by Zhu Gaoxu.
At this time, the largest artillery of the official army was the Hongwu cannon.
Zhu Gaoxu had thought about it earlier and thought that thing was really a cast steel cannon!
At present, only two local bureaus and courts in the Ming Dynasty had the technology of casting the latest Hongwu cannons. One was in the capital and the other was in the Shanxi Provincial Administration and the law prohibited the leakage of firearms.
Therefore, the governments in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan cannot use cast steel to create Hongwu cannons.Even though the Han Wangjun seized the heavy artillery of Wu Gaojun on the battlefield, it was unable to copy it.
Fortunately, there are many copper mines in Yunnan, so the Yunnan Military Arts Bureau changed to bronze cast cannons.
There are two main types of bronze cannons transported in succession. One is the official army Hongwu cannon imitated in bronze. It looks like a big barrel, and the largest cannon can fire more than 200 kilograms of stone bullets; the other is enlarged according to the size ratio of the copper fire gun, and is still cast in bronze. The muzzle is small and the cannon body is long. It is firmly made of several iron hoops, which are called the Han King Cannon.
After the weapons bureaus and hospitals of the three provinces switched to bronze, there were no more difficult technology; after all, the technology of casting cannons is not much more difficult than casting bells.
Zhu Gaoxu ordered the guardian Nanshi to cast Hanwang cannons, which included some of his ideas... Because the air pressure formed by the ignition of gunpowder will accelerate the shells. In theory, the longer the barrel, the longer the acceleration time will be; whether it is muskets or cannons, the length of the barrel will increase, the faster the cannon will be released.
Zhu Gaoxu heard the sound of cannons on the west side of the school ground, so he shouted and kicked the horse and ran in that direction.The soldiers around him also followed him one after another.
When Zhu Gaoxu came to the place where the fire was set, he heard a scream of pain. The doctor holding a medicine box was squatting on the ground to treat the injured.
There is no war in Guilin Mansion at present, and even the training has killed or injured soldiers?
Several generals came forward to pay a visit, and Zhu Gaoxu pointed directly at the injured soldier and said: What's going on?
A general clasped his fists and said: Go back to the prince, the "Han King Cannon" exploded!
Zhu Gaoxu frowned and said: In the official document reported by Nansi, he said that all the cannons have been tried, how could it explode?
Civil servant Hou Hai said: The cannon has the size of the Bureau and the cannon can be found out where it was cast by one check. The subordinate asked the order and asked the Nansi to investigate the matter strictly.
Zhu Gaoxu said: Let’s ask clearly the situation first.
The baggage general next to him complained: Prince, this kind of cannon is not easy to use!The cannons we used in the past were mostly large in front and small in the back. No matter the size of a stone bullet, the iron bullet could be stuffed into it at about the same size; if the cannon weighs hundreds of kilograms, it would definitely be able to hit more than 200 kilograms of shells!
However, this "Han King Cannon" is not only very heavy, but also thin and long, and can only hit iron bullets or loose pieces worth less than ten kilograms.If an iron bullet is fired, the size of the shell must be consistent with the size; and the size of each gun is deviated, so the workshop can only cast shells of the size of each gun.This cannon is very laborious, but its power is very small...
Zhu Gaoxu glanced at the baggage general and said: You don’t understand how to use the Han King Cannon!This cannon does not shoot backwards, but is used according to the use of the fire gun.Is it because I use copper muskets in the army to hit the sky (projection) and wait for the lead to hit the ground?
He then said: It turns out that all the artillery in the army is fired.If it weren't for siege, there would be a thousand kilograms of shells above the battle formation. As long as they were not hit, they would hit a pit on the ground. The shells were too heavy and had no use!
The Han King cannon is different. It will shoot flat like a musket when it is closer, like a musket; it will bounce further, like a drift.This cannon hits higher in battle formation!However, what you said is that the size of the muzzle varies, so you really need to think of ways and improve it.
After hearing this, the general had to stop complaining.
Zhu Gaoxu also knew in his heart that there were many problems with newly-built artillery, and it was difficult to mature without time.It was only after the Han Palace started to cast firearms in the government after the revolt, but the time was too short.
In the past, although Zhu Gaoxu was the prince, the Han Palace had no right to make firearms, which was a serious violation of the law; some firearms used in the guards were also allocated by the imperial court.
After a while, the gunners and soldiers who set off fire came over here.Zhu Gaoxu began to ask about the explosion in person.
The King of Han cannons were transported from Yunnan and Guizhou to Guilin Prefecture in three batches, with dozens of them in total.
Most of them did not explode when firecrackers, after all, they only sent them to Guangxi after the government tried it; only two doors were exploded, and one door did not sound at first, but later it sounded.
Zhu Gaoxu asked a hundred households: Why did the cannon not fire at first, but then it rang again?
Baihu said: Gunpowder is different.We put it a few times in the morning, and we used all the old medicine.The old medicine was poured in rain in Pingyuefu and it was still useless after drying; after we changed the new medicine, it would ring!
After hearing this, Zhu Gaoxu thought for a while. Gunpowder was mixed with sulfur, charcoal and nitrogen. In theory, even if it was wet and dried, the things did not change... The only possible reason was that the ingredients inside were lost due to the rain.
Sulphur and charcoal are insoluble in water, and only saltpeter can be washed away by rainwater dilution.
He suddenly realized this and turned to Hou Hai and said: Write down my words and send them to the Nansi of the Guardian Mansion.Saltpeter can remove impurities and purify it to increase the power of gunpowder.The method is to use water to dissolve the debris, filter the debris and cook them dry.
Hou Hai clasped his fists and said: The lower official obeys the order.
Zhu Gaoxu asked the hundred households again: Could the bombing be a problem of gunpowder?
Baihu said in confusion: We have used the medicines, and they all have the same amount of medicines.
Used old medicine?Zhu Gaoxu asked, "What is the difference between the medicines used by other cannons?"
Baihu said: The prince clearly understands, and he really uses Chen medicine.The medicines stick together after being damp and are compacted.After we arrived in Guilin Mansion, we were in a sunny day, and we were afraid that we would blow it in the sun. So we made the medicine out and smashed it, sieve it through the sieve, and then use it.
Zhu Gaoxu slapped his forehead and immediately realized: Granule of gunpowder!I almost forgot about this. The particles of gunpowder burned faster, with the same amount, and the explosion was faster. No wonder the chamber exploded!
When the generals around heard this, they looked confused on many sides, but no one questioned them.Zhu Gaoxu rarely speaks nonsense.
Zhu Gaoxu said: But we cannot improve gunpowder immediately. All kinds of firearms in the army have quantitative doses of medicines.If gunpowder is changed, all firearms need to be re-debuged, which is probably not a matter of several days; you can only try again and change step by step.
Everyone agreed.
At this time, Hou Hai hurriedly said: The emperor is aware of his crime, please punish him!
Zhu Gaoxu glanced at Hou Hai, ignored it, and said, let's go to patrol somewhere else.
The general of the baggage team asked: How should the shells of the 'Han King Cannon' be prepared?
Zhu Gaoxu said: He ordered the Bureau of Guilin Prefecture to measure the size of each copper cannon and compare the customized cast shells.
The last one will get orders!
There is no good idea for artillery with different sizes and sizes now, so I have to use this stupid method to make shells!Once the fixed cast shells are finished, it will be difficult to replenish them, and then those cannons will only be able to break up.
For a while, Zhu Gaoxu didn't know why the guns were of different sizes, whether it was the limitations of casting technology or the deviations in the sizes everywhere...
At night, Zhu Gaoxu entered the city.
Not long after he returned to the headquarters, Hou Hai suddenly hurried to the central hall. His face looked a little ugly. He immediately stepped forward and sent the letter in his hand and said: Please take a look.
Zhu Gaoxu opened the letter and saw that his expression changed immediately like Hou Hai.
Kuizhou was captured by the enemy!
This city is the gateway to the east of Sichuan. It is not only an important land city to enter the Sichuan Provincial Administration and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in the east, but also a stronghold that controls the most dangerous situation in the river.As soon as Kuizhou was lost, the frontier portal in eastern Sichuan was opened.
Veda, this Veda... Zhu Gaoxu didn't know what to say for a moment.
Two or three months ago, Sichuan's troops were successively transferred to Guizhou to form the Northern Route Army.
The troops of the eastern Sichuan camp were indeed very empty. Veda could not defend Kuizhou. Although he could not blame him for his dereliction of duty, his performance was not good.
The first thing that Zhu Gaoxu thought of was that if Qu could still be held responsible for the camp in eastern Sichuan, Kuizhou would definitely not have been captured so soon!
Soon, Sheng Yong, Ping An, Zhao Ping, Wang Bin and other generals arrived at the central hall.Everyone has been having dinner together these days, so it’s also easy to exchange military affairs.
Zhu Gaoxu gave the urgent report sent by the Han Palace in Guizhou to everyone for circulating it.
After reading the generals, Zhao Ping suggested: Prince, don’t worry too much. Governor Qu’s men are in Guizhou, and they go north to the main road of the Chongqing broadcasting room, and can go to Chongqing Prefecture to reinforce eastern Sichuan.
Sheng Yong said: According to the previous general idea, we must gather troops in Huguang as soon as possible to fight to the decisive battle.If troops are transferred from the Northern Army, the troops on the Huguang battlefield will be weakened.
Ping An immediately agreed.
Zhao Ping glanced at them and refuted without saying a word.
Zhu Gaoxu was still staring at the map on the table and said nothing for a long time.
Jianhu (Rongshan Lake) has misty waves, and pavilions and pavilions dot the among them.The flags were flying on the field of the Chengnan School, and the white smoke was bursting. The practice of the Han Wangjun at least looked very spectacular.
Some new simple wooden houses were built near the schoolyard to accommodate the Shengyong Ping An Ministry that had arrived one after another.
The camp has not been built yet, and there are many tents nearby, with neatly arranged gray and white tents that complement the white clouds in the sky, making them look quite impressive.
A shout came not far away.
When Zhu Gaoxu turned around and looked at it, he saw two rows of soldiers squatting or standing, and fired muskets together. With the sound of bang bang bang bang bang..., white smoke was blown into the air by the wind, and mixed into a large ball.
Zhu Gaoxu only looked at their posture and knew that the musket soldiers there used all the mountain guns...
Over the past few months, the muskets made in the rear have been transported in batches to supplement the front line; all the newly built copper muskets are mountain-opening guns, which have successively replaced the copper hand guns that were equipped in the original army.
The firearms and equipment of the Han Wang Army have gradually embarked on a different path from the imperial army.
The official army developed from the copper hand guns in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty to the sharp guns; sharp guns were also a cast copper fire gun, but the structure was slightly different, and the lead bullets were replaced by arrow clusters.
The ammunition of the Han Wangjun has not changed, and the main improvement is the ignition device.
The artillery of the two sides also began to show great differences. The artillery manufacturing of the Han Wang Army was mainly arranged by the Nansi of the Guardian Mansion, and the Guardian Mansion was greatly influenced by Zhu Gaoxu.
At this time, the largest artillery of the official army was the Hongwu cannon.
Zhu Gaoxu had thought about it earlier and thought that thing was really a cast steel cannon!
At present, only two local bureaus and courts in the Ming Dynasty had the technology of casting the latest Hongwu cannons. One was in the capital and the other was in the Shanxi Provincial Administration and the law prohibited the leakage of firearms.
Therefore, the governments in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan cannot use cast steel to create Hongwu cannons.Even though the Han Wangjun seized the heavy artillery of Wu Gaojun on the battlefield, it was unable to copy it.
Fortunately, there are many copper mines in Yunnan, so the Yunnan Military Arts Bureau changed to bronze cast cannons.
There are two main types of bronze cannons transported in succession. One is the official army Hongwu cannon imitated in bronze. It looks like a big barrel, and the largest cannon can fire more than 200 kilograms of stone bullets; the other is enlarged according to the size ratio of the copper fire gun, and is still cast in bronze. The muzzle is small and the cannon body is long. It is firmly made of several iron hoops, which are called the Han King Cannon.
After the weapons bureaus and hospitals of the three provinces switched to bronze, there were no more difficult technology; after all, the technology of casting cannons is not much more difficult than casting bells.
Zhu Gaoxu ordered the guardian Nanshi to cast Hanwang cannons, which included some of his ideas... Because the air pressure formed by the ignition of gunpowder will accelerate the shells. In theory, the longer the barrel, the longer the acceleration time will be; whether it is muskets or cannons, the length of the barrel will increase, the faster the cannon will be released.
Zhu Gaoxu heard the sound of cannons on the west side of the school ground, so he shouted and kicked the horse and ran in that direction.The soldiers around him also followed him one after another.
When Zhu Gaoxu came to the place where the fire was set, he heard a scream of pain. The doctor holding a medicine box was squatting on the ground to treat the injured.
There is no war in Guilin Mansion at present, and even the training has killed or injured soldiers?
Several generals came forward to pay a visit, and Zhu Gaoxu pointed directly at the injured soldier and said: What's going on?
A general clasped his fists and said: Go back to the prince, the "Han King Cannon" exploded!
Zhu Gaoxu frowned and said: In the official document reported by Nansi, he said that all the cannons have been tried, how could it explode?
Civil servant Hou Hai said: The cannon has the size of the Bureau and the cannon can be found out where it was cast by one check. The subordinate asked the order and asked the Nansi to investigate the matter strictly.
Zhu Gaoxu said: Let’s ask clearly the situation first.
The baggage general next to him complained: Prince, this kind of cannon is not easy to use!The cannons we used in the past were mostly large in front and small in the back. No matter the size of a stone bullet, the iron bullet could be stuffed into it at about the same size; if the cannon weighs hundreds of kilograms, it would definitely be able to hit more than 200 kilograms of shells!
However, this "Han King Cannon" is not only very heavy, but also thin and long, and can only hit iron bullets or loose pieces worth less than ten kilograms.If an iron bullet is fired, the size of the shell must be consistent with the size; and the size of each gun is deviated, so the workshop can only cast shells of the size of each gun.This cannon is very laborious, but its power is very small...
Zhu Gaoxu glanced at the baggage general and said: You don’t understand how to use the Han King Cannon!This cannon does not shoot backwards, but is used according to the use of the fire gun.Is it because I use copper muskets in the army to hit the sky (projection) and wait for the lead to hit the ground?
He then said: It turns out that all the artillery in the army is fired.If it weren't for siege, there would be a thousand kilograms of shells above the battle formation. As long as they were not hit, they would hit a pit on the ground. The shells were too heavy and had no use!
The Han King cannon is different. It will shoot flat like a musket when it is closer, like a musket; it will bounce further, like a drift.This cannon hits higher in battle formation!However, what you said is that the size of the muzzle varies, so you really need to think of ways and improve it.
After hearing this, the general had to stop complaining.
Zhu Gaoxu also knew in his heart that there were many problems with newly-built artillery, and it was difficult to mature without time.It was only after the Han Palace started to cast firearms in the government after the revolt, but the time was too short.
In the past, although Zhu Gaoxu was the prince, the Han Palace had no right to make firearms, which was a serious violation of the law; some firearms used in the guards were also allocated by the imperial court.
After a while, the gunners and soldiers who set off fire came over here.Zhu Gaoxu began to ask about the explosion in person.
The King of Han cannons were transported from Yunnan and Guizhou to Guilin Prefecture in three batches, with dozens of them in total.
Most of them did not explode when firecrackers, after all, they only sent them to Guangxi after the government tried it; only two doors were exploded, and one door did not sound at first, but later it sounded.
Zhu Gaoxu asked a hundred households: Why did the cannon not fire at first, but then it rang again?
Baihu said: Gunpowder is different.We put it a few times in the morning, and we used all the old medicine.The old medicine was poured in rain in Pingyuefu and it was still useless after drying; after we changed the new medicine, it would ring!
After hearing this, Zhu Gaoxu thought for a while. Gunpowder was mixed with sulfur, charcoal and nitrogen. In theory, even if it was wet and dried, the things did not change... The only possible reason was that the ingredients inside were lost due to the rain.
Sulphur and charcoal are insoluble in water, and only saltpeter can be washed away by rainwater dilution.
He suddenly realized this and turned to Hou Hai and said: Write down my words and send them to the Nansi of the Guardian Mansion.Saltpeter can remove impurities and purify it to increase the power of gunpowder.The method is to use water to dissolve the debris, filter the debris and cook them dry.
Hou Hai clasped his fists and said: The lower official obeys the order.
Zhu Gaoxu asked the hundred households again: Could the bombing be a problem of gunpowder?
Baihu said in confusion: We have used the medicines, and they all have the same amount of medicines.
Used old medicine?Zhu Gaoxu asked, "What is the difference between the medicines used by other cannons?"
Baihu said: The prince clearly understands, and he really uses Chen medicine.The medicines stick together after being damp and are compacted.After we arrived in Guilin Mansion, we were in a sunny day, and we were afraid that we would blow it in the sun. So we made the medicine out and smashed it, sieve it through the sieve, and then use it.
Zhu Gaoxu slapped his forehead and immediately realized: Granule of gunpowder!I almost forgot about this. The particles of gunpowder burned faster, with the same amount, and the explosion was faster. No wonder the chamber exploded!
When the generals around heard this, they looked confused on many sides, but no one questioned them.Zhu Gaoxu rarely speaks nonsense.
Zhu Gaoxu said: But we cannot improve gunpowder immediately. All kinds of firearms in the army have quantitative doses of medicines.If gunpowder is changed, all firearms need to be re-debuged, which is probably not a matter of several days; you can only try again and change step by step.
Everyone agreed.
At this time, Hou Hai hurriedly said: The emperor is aware of his crime, please punish him!
Zhu Gaoxu glanced at Hou Hai, ignored it, and said, let's go to patrol somewhere else.
The general of the baggage team asked: How should the shells of the 'Han King Cannon' be prepared?
Zhu Gaoxu said: He ordered the Bureau of Guilin Prefecture to measure the size of each copper cannon and compare the customized cast shells.
The last one will get orders!
There is no good idea for artillery with different sizes and sizes now, so I have to use this stupid method to make shells!Once the fixed cast shells are finished, it will be difficult to replenish them, and then those cannons will only be able to break up.
For a while, Zhu Gaoxu didn't know why the guns were of different sizes, whether it was the limitations of casting technology or the deviations in the sizes everywhere...
At night, Zhu Gaoxu entered the city.
Not long after he returned to the headquarters, Hou Hai suddenly hurried to the central hall. His face looked a little ugly. He immediately stepped forward and sent the letter in his hand and said: Please take a look.
Zhu Gaoxu opened the letter and saw that his expression changed immediately like Hou Hai.
Kuizhou was captured by the enemy!
This city is the gateway to the east of Sichuan. It is not only an important land city to enter the Sichuan Provincial Administration and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in the east, but also a stronghold that controls the most dangerous situation in the river.As soon as Kuizhou was lost, the frontier portal in eastern Sichuan was opened.
Veda, this Veda... Zhu Gaoxu didn't know what to say for a moment.
Two or three months ago, Sichuan's troops were successively transferred to Guizhou to form the Northern Route Army.
The troops of the eastern Sichuan camp were indeed very empty. Veda could not defend Kuizhou. Although he could not blame him for his dereliction of duty, his performance was not good.
The first thing that Zhu Gaoxu thought of was that if Qu could still be held responsible for the camp in eastern Sichuan, Kuizhou would definitely not have been captured so soon!
Soon, Sheng Yong, Ping An, Zhao Ping, Wang Bin and other generals arrived at the central hall.Everyone has been having dinner together these days, so it’s also easy to exchange military affairs.
Zhu Gaoxu gave the urgent report sent by the Han Palace in Guizhou to everyone for circulating it.
After reading the generals, Zhao Ping suggested: Prince, don’t worry too much. Governor Qu’s men are in Guizhou, and they go north to the main road of the Chongqing broadcasting room, and can go to Chongqing Prefecture to reinforce eastern Sichuan.
Sheng Yong said: According to the previous general idea, we must gather troops in Huguang as soon as possible to fight to the decisive battle.If troops are transferred from the Northern Army, the troops on the Huguang battlefield will be weakened.
Ping An immediately agreed.
Zhao Ping glanced at them and refuted without saying a word.
Zhu Gaoxu was still staring at the map on the table and said nothing for a long time.
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